A plaque biofilm is an aggregate of complex microbial communities attached to the enamel surface. The formation and growth of plaque biofilms have a direct or indirect impact on oral health. Many studies have confirmed that oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are related to the accumulation of bacteria and the formation of plaque. During the formation of plaque biofilms, the initial colonization of bacteria on the surface of the tooth is crucial for the biofilm composition and structure of the microorganisms. These primary colonization bacteria determine the type and numbert of microorganisms with which subsequent symbionts are formed. Different microbial constituents may play different roles in oral pathological conditions associated with biofilm formation. Therefore, in this paper, the growth and control of dental plaque biofilm in human oral cavities were reviewed, and the early colonization and maturation process of the biofilm and the control of dental plaque biofilm through physical and chemical methods were introduced. These contents may provide valuable information to study the formation mechanism of plaque biofilm and related oral diseases prevention and treatment.