[Objective] Composition and concentration of organic pollutants in cow dung were determined, which were then supplemented in the media for growth and decomposing studies using microbial community in native cow dung fermenting environment.[Methods] Fermentation optimization, strain acclimation, organic acid foulants degradation and rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology were applied to analyze the microbial diversity and relative biomass of beneficial microorganisms in samples and cultures.[Results] The odor in dairy waste was mainly due to short-chain organic acids, and the microbe in cow dung fermenting environment could biodegrade pollutants after experiencing an adaptive lagging phase. The microbial diversity of enrichment culture grown in high concentration of organic acid foulants (W/V, 0.1% to 0.2%) was also investigated. Prokaryotic species predominantly belong to Bacillus or Paenibacillus, and the preponderant fungi are Monascus fuliginosus and Pichia farinose.[Conclusion] These isolated microorganisms can be further exploited for odors removing treatment in cow breeding industry.