Quorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell-cell communication mechanism in which microorganisms secrete and respond to signaling molecules by synthases and regulatory proteins to adapt to environmental changes. Electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) are capable of extracellular electron transfer and have broad application prospects in renewable energy utilization and environmental remediation. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the roles of QS in the extracellular electron transfer of EAMs. In this review, we summarized the effect and mechanisms of QS in EAMs. QS influences pure-culture EAMs through an indirect electron transfer mechanism by stimulating or suppressing electron shuttle production. QS improves the electroactivity of pure-culture EAMs through a direct electron transfer mechanism by stimulating biofilm formation and changing the abundance and structure of the outermost surface proteins. QS enhances the electroactivity of mixed-culture EAMs by promoting biofilm formation and increasing the relative abundance of EAMs inside the biofilm. We also review the construction and application potential of QS and EAM-based AND logic gates and propose future research directions from the perspectives of mechanistic research.