Activated sludge contains a variety of microorganisms and is the key driver for pollutant degradation and transformation in wastewater treatment plants. Electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) is the important component of activated sludge and plays important roles in wastewater recycling and energy recovery. This review summarizes the methods for enrichment and screening of EAMs from activated sludge, and sums up the species of EAMs obtained from activated sludge so far. In addition, the existing problems of enrichment and screening for EAMs as well as the future research direction are also discussed, so as to promote the discovery of EAMs and the development of wastewater recycling and energy recovery technologies in which EAMs play the leading roles.