Chlamydia trachomatis is the main pathogen of trachoma and genitourinary infections. According to the World Health Organization (2015) statistics, there are about 130 million new cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection every year in the world. Studies have shown that CD4+Th1 cellular immune response plays?an important role in resistance to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Therefore, based on the immune response characteristics of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the researchers constructed many candidate vaccines, but none of them were successfully applied in clinic. In recent years, it has been found that there are not only humoral immunity and cellular immunity, but also some noticeable immune cells resident in mucosa of reproductive tract, suggesting that enhancing mucosa immunity can be used as a potential way to prevent Chlamydia trachomatis infection. It is a new immunization strategy against Chlamydia trachomatis infection in reproductive tract. In this paper, the progress of mucosa immunization and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in female reproductive tract is reviewed, and some suggestions for the development of Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine in the future are provided.