Microbiology is a very important compulsory fundamental course in life science, medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, forestry, food, etc. for undergraduate teaching. Research in microbial diversity is becoming research hotspots in various fields and continues to achieve fruitful research results in recent years. However, majority of Microbiology textbooks for higher education lack the contents in research methods of microbial diversity and research progress in related field. These conditions limit students’ learning and mastery of knowledge and not feasible to expanding their horizons of learning. Here, based on comparative analysis of these knowledge contents of microbial diversity in the mainstream of Microbiology textbook used in China and abroad, we suggest to add them into the textbooks, which will help students to better understand the research progress.