[Objective] Screen and isolate Haloalkalophilic microorganisms from the black lake of Yuli County in Xinjiang and take the species identification analysis. [Methods] Traditional isolation and identification techniques were used to study the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA gene were proceeded. [Results] 25 strains of culturable Haloalkalophilic bacteria were separated and identified from the sample. The physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that these microorganisms distributed in five genera which were Halorubrum, Haloarcula, Natrialba, Halohasta and Halopiger etc. Among them, the most dominant bacteria group is Halorubrum, next is Natrialba. Sequence homology of 16S rRNA gene were 95.75% respectively, herald some potential new species (Identification of new species not shown here), the Growth condition experiment of 25 strains of culturable Haloalkalophilic bacteria show that concentration range of NaCl was 15%?30%, with optimum concentration was 20%?25%, the pH range for growth was 7.0?13.0, optimum at 9.0?10.0. The results of physical and biochemical characteristics show that among 25 strains of culturable Haloalkalophilic bacteria, 5 strains belong to amylase producing bacteria, accounted for 20%, 4 strains belong to protease producing bacteria, accounted for 16%, 15 strains belong to esterase Twain hydrolysis 20 producing bacteria, accounted for 60%, 7 strains belong to Twain hydrolysis 40 producing bacteria, accounted for 28%, 4 straise belong to Twain hydrolysis 80 producing bacteria, accounted for 16%. 14 strains belong to hydrogen peroxide producing bacteria, accounted for 56%. 9 strains of these bacteria can produce 4 kinds of enzymes, 2 strains can produce 3 kinds of enzymes at the same time, showed the diversity of enzyme production of the alkaline bacteria. 19 strains of the bacteria were positive for nitrate reduction. [Conclusion] The study shows the physiological and biochemical characters diversity and phylogenetic diversity of Haloalkalophilic bacteria in the black lake of Yuli County in Xinjiang, and there are much more abundant new microbial groups in the lake. The study has the regional characteristics and potential application value, recommend that the microbia urgent need systematic research and further develope and utilize.