[Objective] In order to identify the microbial community structure of the different gymnosperm types. [Methods] Microbial culture and PLFA (Phospholipid fatty-acid analysis) methods were employed to study the microbe quantity, PLFAs types and content of three typical gymnosperms soil in scenic area of Maijishan, gansu Province. [Results] There existed distinct difference on composition and structure of soil microbial. Microbial number was highest in bacteria and lowest in fungi. Total PLFAs content and types were the highest of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder and lowest of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere. Principal component of PLFA analysis that has high similarity with Taxus and Picea asperata Mast. than Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere. There was obvious difference with Microbial types and structure form of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière. Diversity declined significantly than those in the others rhizosphere soils. [Conclusion] Microbial number and community structure in rhizosphere soil of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere have significantly changed comparing with native gymnosperms.