listeria monocytogenes infection can cause listeriosis in human and animals. When organisms are infected with L. monocytogenes, pattern recognition receptors such as NLRs and DNA/RNA sensor in cytosol sense bacterial pathogen associated molecular patterns and bacterial virulence factors, and form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes for immune defense. Recent studies confirm that NLRP3, AIM2, NLRC4, RIG-I and NOD1/2 inflammsomes can sense listeriolysin O, bacterial DNA, flagellin, bacteria RNA and protein peptidoglycan fragments, respectively. Subsequently, these inflammasomes are activated, which regulate the expression, maturity and secretion of proinflammatory factor including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to cause tissue inflammation, cellular immune response. In addition, activated inflammasomes can induce caspase1-dependent pyroptosis. In this review, the above-mentioned issues were discussed based on the recent research progress.