[Objective] Screening the typical, efficient desulfurization bacteria from the natural environment, exploring the growth characterization of the bacteria and conducting the preliminary desulfurization experiments. [Methods] The medium with sodium thiosulfate as the sole energy substrate was used to enrich desulfurization bacteria, and the pure strain was obtained after being streak plate culture and pure strain isolation for three times. Identifying the species of the strain by a variety of methods of Gram staining, plate colony morphologic observation, morphological characteristics research, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the constructed molecular phylogenetic tree. [Results] Isolating a strain of efficient removal of thiosulphate bacteria, named CYJN-1 from the cooling water pool of Shanghai Waigaoqiao power station. The strain was Gram-negative bacteria, short rod and identified as Halothiobacillus neapolitanus (H. neapolitanus) bacteria. H. neapolitanus CYJN-1 had a strong adaptability to the changes of salinity, the salinity range for the growth of this bacteria was 0?5% (NaCl, W/V). Determine the optimum culture conditions strains: temperature 30 °C, pH 7.0, substrate concentration of 20 g/L. Under these conditions, the strain of sodium thiosulfate removal up to 98%. [Conclusion] Based on the high haloduric ability and the high ability of removal rate of the sodium thiosulfate, the CYJN-1 strain is of potential in the fields of biological desulfurization and biological metallurgy.