[Objective] The composition and diversity of intestinal microbial diversity of wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) were investigated. [Methods] The total DNA extracted from endophytic bacterial was performed 16S rRNA gene specific amplification by used bacteria-specific primers 799F and 1492R and constructed a clone library. Then, 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree was established by analyzed positive clones used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and by sequenced some of the clones. [Results] The 157 clones analyzed were grouped into 27 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), where the clone distribution was as follows: 62.10% of Firmicutes which contained Clostridium, Cellulosilyticum, Robinsoniella, Anaerofustis, Anaerovorax and Blautia, 37.90% of uncultured bacteria. [Conclusion] The intestine bacterial of wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkey has a rich diversity and maybe exist new taxon.