Butanol, as a new generation of biofuels, has become the hot spot of the biofuel reseach in the world. Production of butanol from renewable feedstocks has been drawn attention to many countries. However, the cost of producing biobutanol remains significantly higher than the cost of petro-chemical derived butanol. In order to reduce costs in butanol production, the studies should be conducted as the following: using low-cost non-grain feedstocks, developing new processes with high butanol productivity and lower energy intensity breeding new strains with high butanol yield. In the near future, it is believed that the butanol production process of economic competitiveness and sustainability can be established.