Firefly luciferase is the key component of ATP bioluminescence reagent, gained from firefly lantern throuh extraction and purification or preparation through genetic engineering, the performance of ATP bioluminescence reagent was decided by the vitality and the purity of firefly luciferase. Up to now, many present advanced technology were applied on preparation the reagent such as genetic engineering, ATP amplification device, stabilization technology of luciferase protein and luminescence, and so on. Now research focus on improving detection sensitivity and luminescence performance of the ATP bioluminescence reagents, further raising the adaptability of ATP bioluminescence reagents.