With traditional microbiological culture and enzyme method, the effect of 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) on reed wetland soil microbial and enzyme activities was studied. Results demonstrated that different groups of oil microorganisms have different responses to 1,3-DCB, in which the actinomycetes was significantly inhibited. When the 1,3-DCB concentration was higher than 120 μg/g, the bacterial amounts were significantly inhibited. The soil fungi amounts were initially increased at the beginning of the experiment but inhibited with time. During the experiment, 1,3-DCB treatment could significantly inhibit the soil catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Results indicated that these two enzymes are sensitive to 1,3-DCB contamination.