Tuber F. H. Wigg. is an ecologically and economically important ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes that produce subterranean ascomata known as truffles. Some species in this genus are widely appreciated for their organoleptic properties. Their taxonomy, systematics, ecology, biochemistry and cultivation have been studied and great advance have been achieved. In this paper, the research history and recent advance on above aspects were summarized. Also, special proposal for further studies was also commented and recommended.