With the development of modern industry, the environment pollution caused by heavy metal such as lighly soluble Cr(VI) possesses the intense toxicity to human health. In the process of microbial metabolism, the Cr(VI)can be reducted to the Less soluble Cr(III) and the toxicity would be reduced effectively. There are several aspects summarized in the paper, such as microbial reduction Cr(VI)、the mechanism of microbial reduction Cr(VI)、problems in the reduction process and development direction.