In recent years it has made great development on the taxonomy and phylogeny with the discovery of new rhizobia resource and application of molecular methods. Polyphasie taxonomy have driven each of the three (the morphological, the physiological, and the phylogeny) epochs of rhizobia taxonomy and to show the diversity of rhizobia overall. Polyphasie taxonomy have been seemed as the most frequently used technique and methods. This paper presents a review of the main methods of the polyphasie taxonomy system and the phylogeny of rhizobia.