In recent years, with the increasing attention to odor pollution, the research on the control of malodorous gas has become a hot field. Compared with physical deodorization and chemical deodorization, microbial deodorization has many advantages, such as low input cost, simple equipment and less secondary pollution. Microbial deodorization has been widely in livestock farms, landfill, and sewage-treatment plant. Four main microbial deodorization techniques, including biological washing, biofiltration, biotrickling filtration and microbial agent addition, are currently used. However, each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages. The processes and mechanisms of microbial deodorization have been intensively studied but the knowledge on them is still limited. Future research in microbial deodorization might focus on: 1) screening microorganisms with high-efficiency deodorizing performance; 2) investigating the spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial community in the deodorization process and the metabolism and degradation kinetics of odorous substances; 3) improving techniques of microbial deodorization.