Mutation breeding is a new breeding technique, with the help of mutagens, and creates new traits that could not be obtained by conventional hybrid technique. The spontaneous mutation rate was only 0.1%, but the mutation rate of mutation breeding was 3%, and was 100 times higher than spontaneous mutation. The mutation technique has been used widely in breeding of edible and medicinal fungi. In this paper, we introduces the principle, method, application and prospect of mutation breeding in edible and medicinal fungi, and provide theoretical basis and reference for mutation breeding of edible and medicinal fungi.