Taking Hunan University of Science and Engineering as an example, this paper studies and analyses the problems existing in the teaching of Microbial Metabolism Regulation in local colleges and universities. According to the characteristics of bioengineering specialty, the following improvements are made: optimizing the knowledge structure to highlight the ability cultivation, attaching importance to the role of introduction to stimulate students' interest in learning, renewing the teaching methods to practice the conception of “taking students as the main body”; Reforming the assessment system to exercise the ability of comprehensive knowledge application. The results showed that through the teaching reform, the students' interest, enthusiasm and effectiveness have been significantly improved, and the effect of this course in the training objectives of students majoring in engineering has been well achieved.