[Background] Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) can form mycorrhizal symbiosis with most of the plants, to play an important role in vegetation succession and ecological restoration process. [Objective] To reveal the influence of land use patterns on AMF communities in the karst graben basin of Yunnan province, China. [Methods] Soils collected from woodland, shrubland and grassland in the karst graben basin of Yunnan province were used to study the influence of land use patterns on AMF communities based on next-generation sequencing. [Results] Total phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable magnesium, and electrical conductivity in the grassland were significantly higher than those in the woodland and shrubland, yet total nitrogen and soil organic carbon in the woodland were higher than those in the shrubland and grassland. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available potassium were the most important factors affecting AMF communities. Chao1, ACE, Shannon and observed species indices in the grassland were significantly higher than those in the woodland and shrubland. Simpson index has no significant difference among land use patterns, but it was higher than those in the woodland and shrubland. Among the nine soil samples, AMF belonged to 953 OTUs, 3 classes, 4 orders, 9 families and 13 genera. Glomeromycetes and Paraglomeromycetes were the dominant class. Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genus, followed by Claroideoglomus, Acaulospora and Diversispora. Among the nine soil samples, Glomus and Diversispora were mainly distributed in grassland and shrubland, the relative abundance of Glomus and Diversispora population decreased with vegetation succession process, and the relative abundance of Paraglomus increased. [Conclusion] The AMF communities was significant different among land use patterns. The fungi communities were mostly affected by soil physicochemical properties in the karst graben basin of Yunnan province.