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黄粉虫及其肠道微生物对聚氯乙烯的生物降解作用
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上海市2016年度科技创新行动计划(16391902100);农业部都市农业重点实验室开放基金(UA201705)


Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride by Tenebrio molitor and its intestinal microorganisms
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    摘要:

    【背景】塑料废物的累积是越来越严重的环境污染问题,其中聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)作为最常用的塑料之一,其生产与消耗量极大。【目的】基于黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫自然取食塑料的现象,探究黄粉虫及其肠道微生物对聚氯乙烯类塑料的生物降解作用。【方法】通过观测黄粉虫取食聚氯乙烯过程的重量变化、傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、黄粉虫肠道微生物的筛选和高通量测序等方法研究黄粉虫幼虫及其肠道微生物对聚氯乙烯的降解作用。【结果】研究结果表明:仅以PVC作为碳源类营养来源,每200条黄粉虫为一组,共3组,喂养32 d后,每组平均取食了0.499±0.023 g PVC,黄粉虫平均体重增长0.015±0.002 g。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱检测发现虫粪组分中PVC官能团中的C?C骨架峰明显减弱,表明PVC长链有断裂现象。高通量测序黄粉虫幼虫肠道微生物菌群的结果显示肠道菌群以哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia)、摩根氏菌属(Morganella)、大肠埃希氏杆菌属(Escherichia coli)和未培养肠杆菌属(unclassified Enterobacteriaceae)为优势菌群。肠道菌群中哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia)和摩根氏菌属(Morganella)的丰度分别比常规饲养对照增加了35.20%和16.42%。【结论】证明了黄粉虫及其肠道微生物对PVC塑料具有一定的降解作用,且其肠道菌群中哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia)和摩根氏菌属(Morganella)菌株对PVC的利用效率最高,研究结果为“白色污染”的生物降解提供了科学证据。

    Abstract:

    [Background] The accumulation of plastic wastes is an increasingly serious environmental pollution problem, and PVC, as common plastic, has a large number of production and consumption. [Objective] Based on the phenomenon that Tenebrio molitor feeds on plastics naturally, in this paper, the biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics by Tenebrio molitor larvae and its intestinal microbes was researched. [Methods] The weight increase of Tenebrio molitor larvae was observed after feeded polyvinyl chloride only, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), screening of intestinal microbes and high-throughput sequencing methods were used to research biodegradation of PVC. [Results] The results showed that when PVC was used as the only carbon source of Tenebrio molitor larvae, after 32 d, PVC was consumed at the weight of 0.499±0.023 g per 200 Tenebrio molitor larvae, and the average weight of 200 Tenebrio molitor larvae was increased by 0.015±0.002 g. FTIR was used to detect the significant increase of carbonyl and hydroxyl content in PVC from excrement components, which indicates PVC degraded obviously. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that Hafnia, Morganella, Escherichia coli and uncultured Enterobacteria were the dominant microflora. Compared with conventional feeding control, the abundance of Hafnia and Morganella increased by 35.20% and 16.42% respectively. [Conclusion] This article proved the biodegradation of PVC by Tenebrio molitor larvae and its intestinal microbes, and Hafnia and Morganella strains had the highest utilization of PVC. The results of the study have enriched scientific evidence for the biodegradation of “white pollution”.

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曹沁,林毅博,陈军,肖明. 黄粉虫及其肠道微生物对聚氯乙烯的生物降解作用[J]. 微生物学通报, 2020, 47(2): 390-400

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-02-11
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