Bacterial resistance is very common in China, multi-drug and even pan-resistant strains continue to emerge, posing a major threat to public health and food safety. Along with the development of human activities and animal husbandry, the medical industry and aquaculture have resulted in a large number of drug resistance/resistant bacteria in farmed animals and their related environments. The medical industry, animal breeding, and the natural environment are mutually interacting with each other in the spread and development of drug-resistant bacteria. Drug-resistant genes can be circulated in humans, animals and the environment by means of gene level transfer, increasing the risk of humans taking resistance genes. Faced with such public health problems, traditional singular health work systems are unable to effectively solve such challenges, and multi-disciplinary cooperation is urgently needed. In this paper, bacterial resistance in clinical, animal and environment of China and the transmission and genetic mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria are reviewed to provide reference for bacterial resistance research.