[Background] The bamboo slips should be kept in water for a long time before dehydration treatment, while the microbe might decompose it during this period. [Objective] In order to preserve bamboo slips effectively, the actinobacterial community structure features and function of soak solution which were collected from Han dynasty tomb located in Laoguanshan of Chengdu were studied. [Methods] The PCR-DGGE (Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and culture-dependent methods were employed to reveal the diversity and function of actinobacteria in soak solution. [Results] The PCR-DGGE and culture-dependent results were showing a certain degree of consistency. The PCR-DGGE result revealed that Richness (S), Shannon-Wiener index (H′) and Simpson index (D) of actinobacteria of soaking bamboo slips were different. 15 DGGE bands were excised and sequenced, the major community of actinobacteria in soak solution were belonged to 10 genera. The genera Promicromonospora, Cellulosimicrobium, Blastococcus and Streptomyces widely distributed in soak solution, furthermore genus Promicromonospora was detected in each samples. 12 strains were isolated by culture-dependent method and belonged to Streptomyces and Promicromonospora. Congo red medium was employed to evaluate their carboxymethyl cellulase activity. The results showed five strains possessed cellulolytic ability. [Conclusion] The analysis of the actinobacterial community and function revealed the potential actinobacteria species may decompose bamboo slips during waterlogged period.