With the proportion of hair loss among young people increasing with years, hair health issues are of increasing concern. Hair loss affects people's quality of life and has a huge impact on psychological and social life. In recent years, research on the physiological functions of the gut microbiota is no longer limited to the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that the intestinal tract and gut microbiota is closely related to the skin, suggesting the existence of the "gut-skin axis". In this article, based on the existing research on the "gut-skin axis", we summarize the recent literature to explore the possible links and potential mechanisms between the gut microbiota and hair loss, providing new insights and perspectives on the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of hair loss.