Frankia spp. can form symbiotic nitrogen fixation with non-leguminous plants such as Hippophae spp., and its nitrogen fixation efficiency is much higher than that of legume rhizobia. Frankia spp. can also promote the resistance of drought and cold and the adaptability of various habitats for Hippophae spp.. Frankia spp. is a kind of actinomycete resources with developmental potential. The progress in Frankia spp. associated with Hippophae were introduced in order to develop and utilize Frankia spp., promote the classification and identification of Frankia spp., strengthen the mechanism of symbiotic nodulation and nitrogen fixation between Frankia spp. and host plants, and develop the application of Frankia spp. in agricultural as soon as possible. This paper reviews the research progress of the species diversity of Hippophae L., the nodulation status and distribution characteristics of Hippophae spp., as well as the morphology and functions of root nodules, the species diversity and distribution characteristics of Frankia spp. The nodulation mechanism of Frankia spp., the physiological and ecological effects of Frankia spp., and the main symbiotic factors of Frankia spp. and Hippophae were discussed. This review can provide valuable reference for systematic research on Frankia spp. associated with Hippophae L.