菌根共生双方多样性影响着生态系统的过程与功能。菌根真菌-寄主植物之间的共生组合存在偏好性或特异性，这导致菌根真菌对寄主植物的效益差异和寄主植物对菌根真菌的利益差别：两者在互利共生过程中不仅相互选择，还存在相互促进与制约的关系(如互补与选择效应、竞争)，从而在一定程度上决定生态系统的演化与发展。本文概述了植物多样性与菌根真菌多样性的相互影响，探讨了两者互作可能存在的调控因素与机制，对存在的问题和争议进行了总结，并提出了进一步研究的方向。深入阐明植物多样性与菌根真菌多样性之间的互作关系，将丰富生物共生学理论，增强菌根应用潜力及生物多样性的维持。

The diversity of partners in mycorrhizal associations shapes the ecosystem processes and functions. Mycorrhizal fungi and host plants tend to develop in patterns with mutual preference or specificity, which may induce differential benefits to the host plants by diverse fungi, and discrepancies of promotion to the fungi by their plant partners simultaneously. In the process of mutualistic symbiosis, both plants and fungi select their potentially favorable partners and incorporate each other along with facilitative and antagonistic relationships (such as complementarity, selection, and competition), and thus driving the ecosystem development and evolution. This review summarized the mutual effects between mycorrhizal fungal diversity and plant diversity, discussed the presumable regulating factors and the underpinning mechanisms of their correlations, and pinpointed several future research directions based on the concerns in understanding such complicated relationships. Further studies to demystify such interacting relationships between mycorrhizal fungal diversity and plant diversity, will advance our knowledge and understanding on the symbiosis, and also help promote the application of mycorrhizal technologies and sustainability of biodiversity.

国家自然科学基金(31471946)