Improving the ability to cultivate talent is the core work of higher education and must be the focus. Ideological work in colleges should be integrated into the entire education process. Microbiology is a discipline that is closely related with human life. This article presents several cases in which the authors describe how to improve the ability to cultivate talent in Microbiology instruction. The teachers should not only impart professional knowledge, but also strengthen teaching on ideological and political theory, thus helping students improve in ideological quality, political awareness, moral characteristics and humanistic quality to enable them to develop both ability and integrity. In addition, this article will provide reference to improve the ability to cultivate talent in other natural science classroom instructions.