Medical Microbiology is the basic subjects of clinical medicine, as well as the main course of basic medical education. The part of Bacteriology is one of the core contents of the whole microbiology, including the characteristics, pathogenicity, immunity, detection methods, prevention and treatment principles of bacteria. Traditional teaching patterns are based on explaining these knowledge systematically, to supplement the basic skills and operations of bacteriological experiments, but they have exposed lots of drawbacks in terms of actual education effect. In this paper we discussed how to improve classroom teaching quality and stimulate students’ interest in learning and innovation according to the characteristics of medical microbiology and teaching process of bacteriology. Furthermore, we focused on enhancing the ability of the students to discover, analyze and solve problems.