Aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria can utilize H2 as electron donor and O2 as electron acceptor to fix CO2. Recently, it has been found that hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, which are the main physiological groups in rhizosphere of leguminous crops, can promote the growth of plants obviously. Nowadays, great attention has been payed to this kind of bacteria. Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have great potential in agriculture, environment and human health. But it’s not very clear about the classification, isolation and identification of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and it has seriously affected the process of researches. This article presents an overview on the isolation, screening of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, focuses on plant growth-promoting mechanism and some other prospects of their applications. As the further study, more and more researchers all over the world will pay more attention to this kind of bacteria.