| 扫描电镜观察飞虱虫疠霉侵染水稻害虫褐飞虱 |
| Germination and sporulation of Pandora delphacis (Entomophthoromycota: Entomophthorales) on the rice pest Nilaparvata lugens: SEM observation |
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| 中文关键词:褐飞虱，分生孢子梗，假根和假囊状体，虫霉目 |
| 英文关键词:brown planthopper, conidiophore, rhizoid and cystidium, Entomophthorales |
| 基金项目:International Foundation of Science (No. C/5146-1); Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31300550); Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LY14C140005) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 稻飞虱如褐飞虱频繁威胁东亚和南亚的水稻生产。化学杀虫剂作为控制虫害的主要手段时常引发环境问题和害虫抗药性。昆虫病原真菌飞虱虫疠霉是稻飞虱的天敌，了解该菌的生物学和流行学特性是开发其生物防治潜能的必要前提。研究利用扫描电镜对飞虱虫疠霉侵染寄主褐飞虱的关键步骤进行了观察。飞虱虫疠霉的分生孢子接触到褐飞虱体壁后可迅速萌发产生侵染性芽管，侵入虫体。经过4d左右的体内潜伏期，飞虱虫疠霉菌丝重新在寄主体表出现。最先突破坚硬体壁的部位为虫体腹部。3种特化菌丝形成于虫体表面，包括假囊状体、假根和分生孢子梗。假囊状体向虫体四周空气中伸出，很可能是帮助真菌探知周围空气湿度状况并吸收湿气用于开启新一轮的侵染循环。假根将虫尸固定在原位植株上，利于之后分生孢子梗主动弹射侵染性分生孢子感染附近健康寄主。这次观察结果显示飞虱虫疠霉具备用于稻飞虱生防的潜能，有必要开展其扩大培养和剂型化研究推进该生防菌的田间应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rice planthoppers like Nilaparvata lugens frequently threaten food security in east and south Asia. Chemical insecticides, the main tools to control the pests, often bring about environmental issues and pest resistance. Entomopathogenic fungus, Pandora delphacis, is natural enemy of rice planthoppers, possessing biocontrol potential. Understanding its biology and epizootics is essential to explore this potential. The present study aimed at observation of infection process of P. delphacis against N. lugens using scanning electronic microscopy. Upon attaching on the N. lugens cuticle, the conidia of P. delphacis germinated rapidly to form penetrant germ tubes. After several days (ca. 4 days) of incubation period in vivo, P. delphacis mycelia emerged on the host body. The abdominal region was the first site of breakthrough on the rigid cuticle. Three specialized mycelia formed on body surface: cystidia, rhizoid and conidiophores. The cystidia outstretched to the air probably helped the fungus to detect the surrounding humid conditions and absorb the moisture for a new cycle of infection. The rhizoid fixed the mycosed cadaver on the plant in situ, and the conidiophores ejected enormous infectious conidia to infect the healthy hosts nearby. The cycle of P. delphacis infecting N. lugens including attachment, germination, penetration, incubation and sporulation presents the fungal potential of rice planthopper biocontrol, necessitating further study on its mass production and formulation for application in fields. |
| 周湘,王大伟,郭恺,毛胜凤. 扫描电镜观察飞虱虫疠霉侵染水稻害虫褐飞虱[J]. 菌物学报, 2014, 33(4): 819-826 |
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