| 伞形多孔菌（猪苓）优良菌株的筛选 |
| Screening of high-quality Polyporus umbellatus strains |
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| 中文关键词:猪苓，菌丝体生长，多糖含量，聚类分析，主成分分析 |
| 英文关键词:Polyporus umbellatus, mycelium growth, polysaccharide content, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) |
| 基金项目:国家工信部药材基地建设项目；陕西省“13115”重大科技专项（No. 2010ZDKG-109） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以10个不同来源的伞形多孔菌（猪苓）菌株为材料，通过ITS序列分析比较菌株间的亲缘关系，基于菌落、菌丝的形态特征、生长速率、菌丝体干重和产糖能力5个方面的14个指标，采用聚类分析方法分析各指标之间、菌株之间的相关性，主成分分析法提取4个主成分进行分析，通过综合分值比较菌株优劣。ITS序列分析表明，10个菌株间的相似性较高。聚类分析结果显示，指标之间胞外多糖、菌丝团、黑色素、菌丝颜色、长势和分泌物的相关性高；菌丝形态、草酸钙方晶、生长速率和无性孢子的相关性高。5#菌株多糖含量和菌丝生长速率最高；2#和9#菌株胞内多糖含量较高；4#、13#和14#菌株多糖含量较低；10#、11#菌株多糖含量及菌丝体干重也较低。主成分分析显示，5#、2#和1#菌株是综合分值最高的3个菌株，其菌丝生长快、长势旺、产量及多糖含量高。综合上述结果，5#、2#和1#菌株是初步筛选出可用于大规模生产及繁殖的优良菌株。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Polyporus umbellatus strains derived from ten different sources were compared genetically. Besides the comparisons of morphological characteristics of mycelia and colonies, growth rate, dry weight of mycelia and polysaccharide content, clustering analysis was used to analyse correlation between the strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) for four principal components was also carried out. Finally, strains quality was determined via the comprehensive score. The ITS sequence analysis showed that the similarity of the ten strains was higher. Clustering analysis indicated that there were significant correlation among exopolysaccharides (EPS), sclerotium, melanin, mycelial color, growing vigour and excretion. High interrelation could also be found among the other indicators like mycelial morphology, calcium oxalate crystals, growth rate and asexual spore production. Strain No.5 showed the highest polysaccharide content and growth rate. There were higher intracellular polysaccharide content in strain No.2 and No.9. Polysaccharide content in strains No.4, No.13 and No.14 was lower. Strains No.10 and No.11 showed lower polysaccharide content and mycelial dry weight. PCA revealed that, strains No.5, No.2 and No.1 made the highest scores, due to their rapid and strong mycelium growth, high yield and high polysaccharide content. They are ideal strains for large-scale production and reproduction. |
| 李雯瑞,陈德育,梁宗锁,刘瑞芳,孙建华. 伞形多孔菌（猪苓）优良菌株的筛选[J]. 菌物学报, 2014, 33(2): 218-229 |
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