| 致病疫霉超级生理小种遗传多样性分析 |
| Genetic diversity of the superphysiological race in Phytophthora infestans |
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| 中文关键词:超级生理小种，交配型，甲霜灵抗性，线粒体DNA单倍型，简单重复序列，扩增酶切片段多态性 |
| 英文关键词:superphysiological race, mating type, metalaxyl-resistance, mtDNA haplotype, simple sequence repeat (SSR), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（No. 31000833）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（No. CARS-10-P12） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过交配型和甲霜灵抗性以及线粒体DNA单倍型、SSR和AFLP基因型分析对40个超级生理小种菌株进行了遗传多样性分析。在被测菌株中发现了A1、A2和自育3种不同类型的交配型。其中，A1和自育型菌株数量多，分别为21株和14株，而A2交配型仅5株。甲霜灵抗性测定检测出高抗菌株26株，敏感菌株14株。线粒体DNA单倍型测定出Ia型和IIa型两种，比例接近1:1。基于5个基因座被测40个超级生理小种菌株共鉴定出了7种SSR基因型。利用6对荧光引物共检测到258条AFLP谱带，其中多态性谱带204条，多态性为79.1%。将供试的40个菌株划分为38个基因型，几乎每个菌株都为1个特有基因型。而且，我国南方和北方超级生理小种群体存在着明显的遗传差异。结果表明我国致病疫霉超级生理小种具有丰富的遗传多样性，可以推断致病疫霉中的任何小种都可在多个抗病基因的强大选择压力下，在短时间内通过与之对应的无毒基因快速突变而成为超级生理小种。当前对致病疫霉生理小种的鉴定及监测对生产上利用抗病品种防控晚疫病的指导意义不大。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The genetic diversity of the forty superphysiological race isolates of Phytophthora infestans were analyzed through phenotypic analyses of mating type and metalaxyl-resistance, and genotypic analyses of mtDNA haplotypes, SSR and AFLP gene. Among the 40 tested isolates, 3 kinds of mating type were identified, viz. A1, A2 and self-fertile. The isolate number for A1, A2 and self-fertile were 21, 5 and 14 respectively and that for high metalaxyl-resistance and metalaxyl-sensitivity were 26 and 14 respectively. The mtDNA haplotype was recognized as Ia and IIa which were in proportion as 1:1. Based on five loci, seven SSR genotypes were identified and nominated from the forty examined isolates. A total of 258 bands were produced by the six pairs of fluorescence labeled primers, of which 204 bands were polymorphic and the polymorphism was 79.1%. Among the 40 tested strains, thirty-eight AFLP genotypes were identified and nearly every isolate had a unique genotype. Moreover, there is a clear genetic difference between the populations of the races from southern and northern China. The genetic diversity of the superraces of P. infestans was very high in China, suggesting that any a race could change into a super one through the rapid mutation of the gene corresponding avirulent one under the strong stress of multiple resistant genes during a short time. At present, the identification and monitoring of the physiological races in P. infestans could provide poor information instruction for controlling potato late blight using resistant varieties. |
| 徐小虎,杨志辉,朱杰华,张维宏,王春一. 致病疫霉超级生理小种遗传多样性分析[J]. 菌物学报, 2013, 32(5): 791-801 |
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