| 烟草根际土壤真菌多样性的研究 |
| Fungal diversity in tobacco rhizosphere soil |
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| 中文关键词:烟草，土壤真菌，土传病害，真菌种群 |
| 英文关键词:tobacco, soil fungi, soil-borne disease, fungal population |
| 基金项目:全国烟草有害生物调查研究-烟草真菌病害调查研究 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 烟草土传病害发生普遍，危害严重。为深入了解烟草根际土壤真菌区系与土传病害间的相互关系，选取黑龙江、山东、广西和云南四省区的代表性烟田，开展了烟草根际土壤真菌多样性的研究。对采自上述四省区12个县市的224份烟草根际土壤样品进行了真菌的分离和培养，共分离获得1,278株真菌，通过形态学特征鉴定出真菌25属86种。其中接合菌门4属6种，子囊菌门1属1种，无性型真菌20属79种。通过分析发现，烟草根际土壤中的优势真菌种群及其菌株数量所占分离真菌总菌株数量的比例分别为：青霉属Penicillium 16.74%，木霉属Trichoderma 14.32%，镰孢菌属Fusarium 13.54%和曲霉属Aspergillus 11.50%。在12个采样地点中，山东诸城的多样性指数（H￠=2.0666）和均匀度指数（J=0.6898）最高，云南玉溪的丰富度指数（R=4.0687）最高。不同采样地点的烟草根际土壤真菌种群的相似性水平也存在差异，其中云南永胜和大理的烟草根际土壤真菌种群的相似性系数最高（Cj=0.9375），山东沂水和云南玉溪间的相似性最低（Cj=0.5217）。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Tobacco soil-borne diseases occur widely and usually cause serious losses in tobacco production. In order to understand the relationship between tobacco rhizosphere soil fungi and soil-borne diseases, the investigation of rhizosphere soil fungal diversity in tobacco fields in 12 areas of Heilongjiang, Shandong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces was conducted during 2010 and 2011 summer. By means of soil dilution plate method, totally 1,278 fungal isolates were obtained from 224 soil samples. From which 86 fungal species belonging to 25 genera were identified morphologically, including 6 species belonging to 4 genera of Zygomycota, one species belonging to one genus of Ascomycota, and 79 species belonging to 20 genera of anamorphic fungi. The fungal population analysis indicates that Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium and Aspergillus were the dominant fungal groups in tobacco-growing soil, accounting for 16.74%, 14.32%, 13.54% and 11.50% of the total isolates respectively. The fungal diversities in tobacco rhizosphere soil were significantly different in the 12 soil-sampling regions. Zhucheng of Shandong Province was the highest in Shannon diversity index (H￠=2.0666) and Pielou evenness index (J=0.6898). Yuxi of Yunnan Province was the highest in Margalef richness index (R=4.0687). The fungal diversities in the 12 soil-sampling regions were also different in similarity. The similarity coefficient of fungal populations was higher (Cj=0.9375) in Yongsheng and Dali of Yunnan Province, but lower in Yishui of Shandong Province and Yuxi of Yunnan Province (Cj=0.4231). |
| 王娜,吕国忠,孙晓东,慕东艳,赵志慧,王凤龙. 烟草根际土壤真菌多样性的研究[J]. 菌物学报, 2012, 31(6): 827-836 |
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