Drought stress affects the growth and development of rice, resulting in severe loss in yield and quality. Ectopic expression of the bacterial RNA chaperone, cold shock protein (Csp), can improve rice drought tolerance. Archaeal TRAM (TRM2 and MiaB) proteins have similar structure and biochemical functions as bacterial Csp. Moreover, DNA replication, transcription and translation of archaea are more similar to those in eukaryotes. To test if archaeal RNA chaperones could confer plant drought tolerance, we selected two TRAM proteins, Mpsy_3066 and Mpsy_0643, from a cold-adaptive methanogenic archaea Methanolobus psychrophilus R15 to study. We overexpressed the TRAM proteins in rice and performed drought treatment at seedling and adult stage. The results showed that overexpression both TRAM proteins could significantly improve the tolerance of rice to drought stress. We further demonstrated in rice protoplasts that the TRAMs could abolish misfolded RNA secondary structure and improve translation efficiency, which might explain how TRAMs improve drought tolerance transgenic rice. Our work supports that ectopic expression of archaeal TRAMs effectively improve drought tolerance in rice.