Antibiotics are critical weapons that were used for combating human pathogens. However, the heavy use of antibiotics leads to the increased and widely spread of antimicrobial resistance. The antimicrobial resistance is not only a medical problem, but also social and economic concerns, involving public health, environmental pollution, food safety, etc. This special issue reviewed and discussed the recent progress on antimicrobial resistance regarding the fields of clinical drug resistance and epidemiology, animal and environmental drug resistance, drug resistance mechanisms, antimicrobial drug development and drug resistance prevention and control, hoping to give a comprehensive view on basic antimicrobial resistance questions, future research directions and prevention and control strategies.