As an important strategy for sustainable development, bioremediation technology has been widely used in soil contamination remediation due to the advantages of environmental friendliness, excellent metal removal efficiency and free of secondary pollution. This special issue with a collection of 16 papers covers the research aspects from phytoremediation, microbial repair, combined remediation, molecular mechanisms of heavy metals absorption and accumulation, to beneficial reuse of feedstock resources, presents the recent advances as well as the future prospects involved in bioremediation for soil contamination. We aim to provide useful insights to help future development of bioremediation technology.