Polyhydroxyalkanoates are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates synthesized by many bacteria and haloarchaea as carbon and energy storage materials. There are more than 150 types of polyhydroxyalkanoate monomers reported, resulting in a variety of Polyhydroxyalkanoates with diverse properties. The material variability, nonlinear optical properties, piezoelectric properties, gas barrier properties, thermoplasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility allow polyhydroxyalkanoates to be used for plastic packaging, chiral chemicals generation, medicine, agriculture and bio-energy fields. This review introduces the current applications and future development of polyhydroxyalkanoates.