Sweeteners are food additives that impart the sweetness to soft drink foods, which can be divided into high-intensity sweeteners and low-calorie sweeteners. At present, the regulatory mechanism of sweeteners on intestinal flora has become one of the hot spots. Sweeteners can affect the ecological balance of the gut microbiota, and then affects the health of the host. More and more data indicates that excessive consumption of sweeteners can cause metabolic dysfunction, and affecting host weight and glucose tolerance. This article reviews the recent research progress of several commonly used sweeteners on intestinal microbial regulation, in order to provide reference for the researchers.