[Objective] Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used in human intestinal disease, however, information on the use of FMT in newborn piglets is still limited. In this work, we investigated the effects of oral feeding maternal fecal intervention on the development of intestinal microbiota in newborn piglets. [Methods] Twelve Duroc×Landrace×Large piglets from the same litter were randomly divided into the feces treatment and control groups. Each piglet in the feces treatment group was fed with 3 mL fecal inoculation solution at the ages of 1 to 5 days. Piglets in the control group were treated with equivalent saline. Piglets' fecal sample was collected at the ages of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 22 days for the microbiota analysis by Miseq sequencing. [Results] Oral administration of maternal fecal fluid increased the diversity of gut microbiota in piglets. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the bacterial clusterings from two groups were not separated completely, and the two clusterings from 18-and 22-d piglets closed to the samples of sows. With the growth of piglets, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was decreased significantly (P<0.05), while Bacteroidetes gradually became one of the predominant phyla. FMT significantly increased the relative abundance of genus Escherichia-Shigella in piglets' fecal samples on day 10, but decreased the abundance of this genus on day 18. The relative abundance of Enterococcus and Prevotella in the feces treatment group was significantly higher than those in the control group on day 18. [Conclusion] During the first 3 days after birth, oral administration of maternal fecal microbes had low effect on the intestinal microbial structure in piglets. The impact of oral maternal fecal solution on intestinal microbial colonization of piglets lasted for a maximum of 10 to 14 days. And the microbial community of piglets was close to the sows' at the age of 22 days.