The interaction between gut microbiota and host metabolism regulates the physiological function of the host. Recent studies have shown that the microbiome-gut-brain axis exists in the host organism. The intestinal microflora can affect the central nervous system through various pathways, then regulates host behavior such as appetite. The dietary fiber is not easily digested and absorbed by the host, and used by gut microbial fermentation, resulting in a variety of metabolites. These metabolites serve as signaling molecules of the central nervous system and can modulate host appetite through different pathways. This article reviewed the effects of gut microbiota on the central nervous system and host appetite, as well as the mechanisms, aiming to highlight the role of gut microbiota on the host appetite.