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微生物菌群协同提高水稻秸秆转化机制的解析
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教育部扶贫专项(2572020DF02)


Analysis on the mechanism of synergistic improvement of rice straw transformation by microbial flora
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    摘要:

    单一微生物降解水稻秸秆效果不明显,多种微生物组合在一起的微生物菌群能够有效降解水稻秸秆,是当前降解秸秆类废物的首要选择。[目的] 探究微生物菌群比单一菌株转化秸秆效率提高的种间协作机制,为改善秸秆类物质的生物降解过程提供理论参考。[方法] 通过菌种组合,以水稻秸秆减重率为指标人工构建出降解效果优于单菌培养的微生物群体组合,利用分子生物学方法对实验菌株进行鉴定,结合纤维素酶活性、发酵产物GC-MS分析等指标得出水稻秸秆降解时微生物群体的种间协作机制。[结果] 菌株B(Bacillus cereus)在30℃培养8 d水稻秸秆降解率为50.9%,菌株B与菌株D2Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、W1Ochrobactrum intermedium)、G1降解(Bacillus licheniformis)组合构成4株菌BD2W1G1的复合菌群,在30℃培养8 d水稻秸秆降解率为73.3%,比B单菌株分解能力提高22.4%。发酵产物分析结果表明,菌株B单独培养产生大量酸、酚等物质。B+D2联合培养,发酵液内酸类相对减少87.4%,酚类相对减少61.9%(十五烷酸、正十六烷酸、2,4二叔丁基酚和6-叔丁基对甲酚减少明显),水稻秸秆降解率为64.6%。当B+D2+W1联合培养,发酵液内酚类进一步减少15.7%(6-叔丁基对甲酚减少明显),水稻秸秆降解率为71.0%。当B+D2+W1+G1联合培养,酚类继续减少10.7%,水稻秸秆降解率为73.3%。[结论] 十五烷酸、正十六烷酸、2,4二叔丁基酚和6-叔丁基对甲酚等酸、酚类物质会抑制菌株B分解水稻秸秆的效率,菌株D2、W1、G1能够减少包括4种物质在内的酸、酚类含量(酸类共减少82.9%,酚类共减少88.2%),来提高分解效率(共提升22.4%的分解效果)。水稻秸秆成分复杂,具有不同功能的菌种组合成复合菌剂,减少反馈抑制形成代谢互补,能有效提高水稻秸秆生物降解效果。

    Abstract:

    The effect of a single microorganism in degrading rice straw is not apparent. The microbial flora, combined with multiple microorganisms, can effectively degrade rice straw, which is currently the primary choice for straw waste degradation.[Objective] To explore the interspecies coordination mechanism, the microbial flora can transform rice straw more efficiently than a single strain and provide a theoretical reference for improving the biodegradation process of straw materials.[Methods] A microbial population combination with a degradation effect better than monoculture was constructed artificially through the combination of strains and the weight loss of rice straw as an indicator. The experimental strains were identified by molecular biology methods. Combined with cellulase activity and GC-MS analysis of fermentation products revealed the interspecies coordination mechanism of microbial populations during rice straw degradation.[Results] Strain B (Bacillus cereus) cultured at 30℃ for 8 days, the degradation rate of rice straw was 50.9%. The combination of strain B and strain D2 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), W1 (Ochrobactrum intermedium), and G1 (Bacillus licheniformis) constituted 4 strains of BD2W1G1. For the composite flora, rice straw's degradation rate by culturing at 30℃ for 8 days is 73.3%, 22.4% higher than that of single strain B. The fermentation product analysis showed that strain B produced a large amount of acid, phenol, and other substances in a single culture. B+D2 co-culture, the degradation rate of rice straw is 64.6%, the acid in the fermentation broth is relatively reduced by 87.4%, and the phenol is reduced by 61.9% (pentadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2,4 Di-tert-butylphenol, and 6-tert-butyl p-cresol is significantly reduced). When B+D2+W1 is co-cultured, the fermentation broth phenols are further reduced by 15.7% (6-tert-butyl-p-cresol is significantly reduced), and rice straw is degraded by 71.0%. When B+D2+W1+G1 is co-cultured, phenols and acids continue to decrease by 10.7%, and rice straw is degraded by 73.3%.[Conclusion] Pentadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 6-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and other acids phenols can inhibit the efficiency of strain B in decomposing rice straw. Strain D2, W1, and G1 can reduce the content of acids and phenols, including the four substances (A total of 82.9% reduction in acids and 88.2% reduction in phenols), improve the decomposition efficiency (A total of 22.4% increase in decomposition effect). The composition of rice straw is complex, and the bacteria with different functions are combined into a compound inoculum, which reduces feedback inhibition and forms metabolic complementarity, which can effectively improve the biodegradation effect of rice straw.

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崔鸿亮,刘长莉,李春雅,宋志峰,杨雅静,王炎伟. 微生物菌群协同提高水稻秸秆转化机制的解析. 微生物学报, 2021, 61(9): 2791-2805

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-07
  • 最后修改日期:2021-02-15
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-09-04
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