In recent years, glycosylation modification system in bacteria has attracted more and more attention in both academic and industrial fields. Numerous glycosylation modification systems in bacteria have been reported, the most representative cases are N-glycosylation modification system in Campylobacter jejuni and O-glycosylation modification system in Neisseria meningitidis. This review systematically summarizes the glycosylation modification system in bacteria to better understand this system and enlists the situation of the application using the protein glycosylation modification system in bacteria. At the same time, we provide some theoretical knowledges and examples for the design of virus-like particle-based vaccines where glycosylation is required.