7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, 8oxoG) is a common DNA damage base. Because 8oxoG can form a pair with adenine, the replication of 8oxoG before being repaired would lead to the mutation of GC → TA, thereby causing genome instability. Base excision repair (BER) is a typical pathway to repair 8oxoG in DNA, among which 8oxoG DNA glycosylases (OGGs) are the key enzymes that initiate a BER pathway. Previous studies showed that OGG can recognize and excise 8oxoG in DNA, thereby preventing the accumulation of GC → TA mutations in cells. Currently, OGG, which is widely distributed in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, has been divided into three families:OGG1, OGG2 and AGOG (archaeal 8oxoG DNA glycosylase). Archaeal genomic sequences suggest that they encode at least one OGG. Currently, a few OGGs of bacteria and eukaryotes have been extensively studied, but there have been several studies on OGGs of hyperthermophilic archaea, which is still in the early stage. Research progress of OGGs of hyperthermophilic archaea was reviewed and the prospects for future research were proposed in this article.