Plant rhizosphere refers to the interface between plant roots and soil, where the life activity and metabolism of root system have the most direct and strong influence on soil. Physical, chemical and biological properties of rhizosphere are different from bulk soil. Many microorganisms that interact with plants in this region are known as rhizosphere microorganisms. Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in plant growth and biological control of plant diseases and insect pests. In this article, we first summarize the research status of rhizosphere microorganisms. Second, we introduce the classic and the latest research methods used in the rhizosphere microbiome, such as root box method, isotope techniques, high-throughput sequencing, quantitative analysis of microbial abundance, high-throughput isolation and culture. Third, we discuss the influencing factors on rhizosphere microorganisms, such as plant root exudates (carbohydrate, amino acids, flavonoids, phenols, hormone and its signal substance), soil physical and chemical properties. Fourth, we discuss the interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant, and introduce the effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on plant growth stress resistance. Last, we address the problems in rhizosphere microbiome study and future development in this field.